Methods.

A four-lens reflection on a completed period of work. Each lens surfaces a different quality of experience: what energised (Liked), what expanded capability (Learned), what constrained delivery (Lacked), and what the team would benefit from having in the future (Longed for).

Introduced by Mary Gorman and Ellen Gottesdiener and published in Discover to Deliver (2012). Widely used in product development retrospectives and coaching sessions.

A five-point retrospective format shaped like a starfish: each arm represents a different action stance toward current practices. The format distinguishes between more of (underused practices worth amplifying) and start (new practices not yet tried), giving finer resolution than a simple keep/change split.

Introduced by Pat Kua in 2006. Published at thekua.com and included in his Retrospective Coaching Cards deck.

A three-prompt format covering the full action space of a retrospective: introduce new behaviours (Start), retire unhelpful ones (Stop), and reinforce what is working (Continue). The simplicity makes it accessible for any team and any cadence.

The format is in wide use across agile, coaching, and management practice. No single inventor is established; it emerged from and is shared across the practitioner community.